The ‘new birth’ Jesus describes in John 3 was a concept which Nicodemus should have recognized and understood from his knowledge of the Old Testament

There are many echoes of the exodus throughout Scripture. But the gospel of John brings the exodus theme to a crescendo in the person and work of Jesus.

Gerald Borchert's commentary on John's Gospel provides an excellent discussion of Thomas' confession upon seeing the resurrected Jesus (John 20:28)